Text encoding can get totally wrong, specially when the language requires special characters like адз. The command iconv can convert from one encoding to an other.

# iconv -f <from_encoding> -t <to_encoding> <input_file>

# iconv -f ISO8859-1 -t UTF-8 -o file.input > file_utf8

# iconv -l # List known coded character sets

Without the -f option, iconv will use the local char-set, which is usually fine if the document displays well.

Convert DOS (CR/LF) to Unix (LF) newlines within a Unix shell. See also dos2unix and unix2dos

if you have them.

# sed 's/.$//' dosfile.txt > unixfile.txt

Convert Unix to DOS newlines within a Windows environment. Use sed from mingw or cygwin.

# sed -n p unixfile.txt > dosfile.txt

Convert a PDF document with gs (GhostScript) to jpeg (or png) images for each page. Also

much shorter with convert (from ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick).

# gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=jpeg -r150 -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 \

-dMaxStripSize=8192 -sOutputFile=unixtoolbox_%d.jpg unixtoolbox.pdf

# convert unixtoolbox.pdf unixtoolbox-%03d.png

# convert *.jpeg images.pdf # Create a simple PDF with all pictures

Ghostscript can also concatenate multiple pdf files into a single one.

# gs -q -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=all.pdf \

file1.pdf file2.pdf ... # On Windows use '#' instead of '='

Compress the Canon digicam video with an mpeg4 codec and repair the crappy sound.

# mencoder -o videoout.avi -oac mp3lame -ovc lavc -srate 11025 \

-channels 1 -af-adv force=1 -lameopts preset=medium -lavcopts \

vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vbitrate=600 -mc 0 vidoein.AVI

The program cdparanoia13 can save the audio tracks (FreeBSD port in  audio/cdparanoia/),

oggenc can encode in Ogg Vorbis format, lame converts to mp3.

# cdparanoia -B # Copy the tracks to wav files in current dir

# lame -b 256 in.wav out.mp3 # Encode in mp3 256 kb/s

# for i in *.wav; do lame -b 256 $i `basename $i .wav`.mp3; done

# oggenc in.wav -b 256 out.ogg # Encode in Ogg Vorbis 256 kb/s

13.http://xiph.org/paranoia/